INSECTS AFFECTING THE APPLE. 



INJURING THE TRUNK. 



The Round-headed Apple-tree Borer. 



Saperda Candida. 



The three later stages of this insect are shown at 

 Fig. 9. The beetle (c) is easily recognized by the 

 brown color of its body, and the two conspicuous, 

 longitudinal, whitish stripes along its back. It ap- 

 pears early in summer, and deposits its eggs on the 

 tree-trunks, in or under the bark, within a few inches 

 of the ground, frequently placing them just above 

 the soil surface, or even below it where the ground is 

 cracked open so that the beetle can descend without 

 difficulty. The insect makes a slit-like opening in 

 the bark, into which the egg is pushed. A few days 

 later the egg hatches into a larva or grub, which 

 gnaws its way into the inner bark or sap-wood, 

 where it continues to feed throughout the season. 

 As winter approaches it frequently burrows downward 

 below the surface of the ground, and rests there until 

 spring, when it again works upward and gnaws the 

 inner bark and sapwood as before. It rests again 

 the following winter, and in spring gnaws its way 

 deeper into the body of the trunk, cutting cylindrical 

 channels in every direction. Late in summer it 



