INJURING THE TRUNK. 31 



an inch long, wholly without feet, whitish, with a 

 chestnut-brown head and black jaws. The pupa or 

 chrysalis (b) is lighter colored than the larva, and 

 has numerous small spines on its back. 



Remedies. — The injuries of this insect may be 

 prevented by applying late in May, or early in June, 

 and again about three weeks later, a strong solution 

 of soft soap, to which has been added a little crude 

 carbolic acid. This mixture may be conveniently 

 made by mixing one quart of soft-soap, or about a 

 pound of hard soap, with two gallons of water, 

 heating to boiling, and then adding a pint of crude 

 carbolic acid. The solution should be thoroughly 

 applied (a scrub brush is excellent for the purpose) 

 to the trunk and larger branches of the tree. If the 

 bark of the trees is especially rough, it should be 

 scraped before the wash is applied ; and the soil 

 should be smoothed down about the base of the 

 trunk, so that there will be no cracks for the insects 

 to enter to deposit their eggs. Of course the object 

 of this application is to prevent the laying of the 

 eggs from which the grubs hatch. As an additional 

 precaution it is well to examine the trees during the 

 late summer and early autumn months for eggs and 

 young grubs, which are readily detected, and can be 

 easily destroyed with a knife. In this way one man 

 can go over an orchard of five hundred or more young 

 trees in a day. 



