34 INSECTS AFFECTING THE APPLE. 



about the middle of May into small lice, that appear 

 as mere specks to the naked eye. These move about 

 over the bark a few days, when they fix themselves 

 upon it, inserting their tiny beaks far enough to 

 reach the sap. Here they continue to increase in 

 size, and by the end of the season have secreted scaly 

 coverings like those shown in the illustration. 



Remedies. — During the winter and early spring- 

 as many of the scales should be scraped off the trunk 

 and larger branches as possible. On large trees this 

 may be done by first scraping with some instrument 

 like a hoe, and then thoroughly scrubbing with a 

 scrub-brush or broom, dipped in a solution made by 

 adding one part of crude carbolic acid to seven parts 

 of a solution made by dissolving one quart of soft 

 soap, or one-fourth of a pound of hard soap, in two 

 quarts of boiling water. The bark of young trees 

 is so tender that they must be scraped carefully, if 

 at all. A scrub-brush is the best thing to use for 

 applying the soap mixture, as the bristles remove 

 many scales which a cloth would slide over. Then 

 in May or June, soon after the young lice have 

 hatched, the trees should be sprayed with kerosene 

 emulsion. The emulsion must be thoroughly mixed, 

 with none of the kerosene floating separately, or it is 

 liable to injure the foliage. When the lice are young 

 they are very readily destroyed by this substance. 



