INJURING THE LEAVES. 41 



the chrysalis state she crawls to the base of the tree, 

 and ascends the trunk some distance. Here the 

 male finds her, and after mating, she begins the de- 

 position of eggs. These are placed on the twigs or 

 branches of the tree. 



The other Canker Worm (Anisopteryx vernata) is 

 similar to this in habits, but most of the moths ap- 

 pear in the spring, rather than autumn. Hence it is 

 commonly called the Spring Canker Worm. 



Besides apple, these insects feed upon elm, cherry, 

 plum and various other fruit and shade trees. 



Remedies. — There are various natural enemies 

 that prey upon these Canker Worms : these include 

 both birds, and predaceous or parasitic insects. The 

 simplest artificial remedy is to spray the trees soon 

 after the worms hatch, with Paris green or London 

 purple — a pound to 200 gallons of water. Or the 

 ascent of the egg-laying moths may be prevented 

 by applying tar, or printers ink, or some such sub- 

 stance, about the base of the tree— putting it on a 

 band of paper if there is fear of injuring the tree by 

 applying it directly to the bark. There are also var- 

 ious collars of metal or glass that are manufactured 

 to place around the tree, and prevent the moths go- 

 ing up. But spraying is simpler and more effectual 

 than anv of these. 



