INJURING THE LEAVES. 40 



and growing until sometime in June, when they be- 

 come pupae, pupating within the cases. About a 

 fortnight later the moths emerge, and thus the life- 

 cycle is completed. 



There are several species of parasites that prey 

 upon the Leaf-crumpler which greatly assist in keep- 

 ing it in check. 



Remedies, — In young orchards the larval cases 

 are easily picked off during the winter. They may 

 be burned, or what is probably better, carried to a 

 considerable distance from their food plants and left 

 on the ground, thus allowing the parasites to develop 

 and escape. The insect is also liable to destruction 

 by spraying with Paris green, or London purple, and 

 may easily be held in check in this way. Where or- 

 chards are sprayed for the Codling Moth, the Leaf- 7 ' 

 crumplers present will also largely be destroyed. 



The Apple Leaf-skeletonizer. 



Pempelia hammondi. 



This is a brownish or greenish larva, one-half inch 

 long, with short, scattered hairs upon its body, which 

 spins a web upon the upper surface of the leaf, and 

 eat- the parenchyma, giving the foliage a scorched 

 appearance. It is frequently very destructive to ap- 

 ples, especially to young trees, either in the orchard 

 or nursery. 



The life history of this insect may be briefly sum- 

 marized as follows : The small purplish moths (Fig. 

 19, d,) having two light bands upon the front wings, 



