INJURING THE FRUIT. 63 



and the beetle gnaws its way to the outer world, 

 hibernating in this condition. It is single-brooded. 

 Like the Plum ( 'urculio, the adult Plum Gouger 

 gnaws pits in the fruit for food. It also has various 

 natural enemies that help keep it in cheek. 



Remedies. — One would suppose from the feeding 

 habits of the Plum Gouger that the adults were 

 liable to destruction by spraying with the arsenites, 

 but experiments made in Iowa by Prof. C. P. Gillette 

 do not confirm this opinion. However, the matter 

 seems not to have been thoroughly tested on a large, 

 commercial scale. If spraying is ineffective, recourse 

 must be had to the jarring method. 



Other Plum Insects. 



The base of the trunk of the plum tree is occa- 

 sionally attacked by the Peach-tree Borer ; and the 

 upper portion of the trunk is sometimes infested with 

 the Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer. The leaves are 

 attacked by a large proportion of the caterpillars that 

 feed on the foliage of the apple, as well as the Pear 

 or Cherry Slug, the Grape-vine Flea-beetle, and a 

 number of other insects. But spraying is a safe spe- 

 cific for nearly or quite all of these defoliators. 



Summary of Treatment. — As soon as the blos- 

 soms have all fallen, and never before, spray trees 

 with Paris green and water ( 3 ozs. to 50 gals.), and 

 repeat the operation two or three times at intervals 

 of ten days or two weeks. This Avill largely or en- 

 tirely prevent the injuries of the fruit and foliage 



