138 INSECTS AFFECTING SHADE TREES. 



insect in this beetle state is much less than that done 

 by the young, growing larvae. There are three or 

 four broods each season, and the beetles pass the 

 winter in whatever shelter they can find, especially 

 congregating in hollow trees, and under old leaves. 

 Remedies. — This pest can be held in check by 

 spraying with London purple or Paris green (4 ozs. 

 to 50 gals, water). The application should be made 

 when the eggs are being laid, in order to kill the 

 larvae before they have done any damage. The 

 addition of a little flour to the poison mixture seems 

 to render it more effective. To reach the tops of 

 high trees a pump of considerable power is required. 

 Gould's Double-acting Garden or Fire Engine seems 

 to be especially adapted for this purpose. 



The Bag-worm. 



Thyridopteryx ephemerteformis. 

 The twigs of various deciduous and coniferous 

 trees are often infested during the winter months by 

 small bags or sacs (of the form shown at Fig. 69, e) 

 suspended to the leaves or branches. If one of 'the 

 larger of these bags be cut open, there will be found 

 within it a brown, membranous shell (the pupa case 

 of the moth) filled with many small, yellow eggs (e). 

 In this condition the Bag-worm or Basket-worm 

 passes the winter. Late in spring the larvae hatch, 

 and at once form little cases of fragments of leaves 

 fastened together by silken threads. Beneath these 

 cases (g) they feed upon the foliage, enlarging them as 



