INJURING THE LEAVES. 245 



pupse, one of which is represented at b, and about a 

 fortnight later the flies emerge with their long legs 

 and slender wings. The larvae are commonly called 

 Leather Jackets or Meadow Maggots. In England 

 the crane flies are called daddy-long-legs, although 

 in this country this name is usually applied to the 

 harvest-spiders, a common species of which is 

 represented at Plate VI (p. 208). There are a great 

 many species of these crane flies in America, and the 

 later stages of one of the largest of them are repre- 

 sented in the accompanying figure. 



Remedies. — In America these insects rarely be- 

 come sufficiently injurious to require remedial treat- 

 ment. When they do the most successful plan yet 

 tried is that of driving a flock of sheep or herd 

 of swine over the field to kill fhe larvse by their 

 tramping. 



INJURING THE LEAVES. 



The Army Worm. 



Leucania unipuncta. 



This is one of the most noted insect enemies of 

 American agriculture. It occasionally does great 

 damage to a variety of cereal and forage crops, 

 although during recent years its irruptions appear to 

 be growing less frequent. The worm itself is closely 

 related to the cut-worms, to which it is similar in 

 life-history and habits. It hatches from eggs laid by 



