INJURING CATTLE. 259 



The puparium is brown, and | inch long. The im- 

 ago is described as follows : Length, § inch ; wing- 

 expanse, j inch ; color, metallic bluish-green, with 

 golden reflections ; thorax, with three black, longitu- 

 dinal stripes; head, except central portion of eyes, 

 yellow ; legs, black ; wing veins, black ; wings, trans- 

 parent, except near base, where they are slightly 

 clouded. Entire body furnished with long, black, 

 spinose hairs. Proboscis of medium length, with 

 dilated tip. 



Remedies. — According to Dr. Francis, the treat- 

 ment usually employed consists simply of killing the 

 larvas with cresylic ointment, calomel, chloroform, or 

 carbolic acid. Inasmuch as the insect is able to de- 

 velop freely in decaying animal and vegetable mat- 

 ter it is important, as a preventive measure, that all 

 refuse be promptly buried or burned. 



The Ox Warble Fly. 



Oestrus bovis. 

 During the spring and early summer one may 

 often find along the middle of the backs of cattle, 

 just beneath the skin, a hard lump, usually having 

 in the center an opening, which sometimes is more 

 or less of a running sore. These are the " warbles," 

 and the lump is caused by the presence of a whitish 

 or grayish maggot of the form represented at a, Fig. 

 136. Early in summer these maggots wriggle out 

 of the warbles, tail foremost, through the opening- 

 represented at d, and fall to the ground, where, un- 

 der such protection as may be at hand, they shorten 



