♦ REMEDIES. 11 



decide for himself what outfit will best serve his purpose. The 

 following firms manufacture outfits for spraying and dusting: 



Field Foroe-Pump Company, Lockport, N. Y. 



P. C. Lewis, Catskill, N. Y. 



M. J. Caswell, Box 17, Sandusky, Ohio. 



Goulds MANurACTUEiNG Company, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 



Nixon Nozzle and Machine Company, Dayton, Ohio. 



Thos. Woodason, 451 E. Cambria st., Philadelphia, Pa. 



Albinson & Tbusheim, 2026 Fourteenth st., Washington, D. C. 



Adam Weabeb, Vineland, N. J. 



Leggett & Bbo., 301 Pearl st., New York. 



The essential points in a spraying outfit are a good force-pump 

 and a good nozzle, which will project the liquid in a fine, evenly- 

 divided spray. If little work is to be done, an ordinary force- 

 pump with a piece of rubber hose and a spray nozzle will answer 

 the purpose. If a considerable amount of spraying is to be done, 

 specially adapted machinery should be used. Those pumps hav- 

 ing the parts that come in contact with the liquid made of brass 

 are the most durable, and although more expensive than those 

 made of iron, the extra cost is a small item when the difference 

 in durability is considered (Beckwith). For work in gardens or 

 where low plants are to be sprayed, "knapsack sprayers," con- 

 sisting of a thin copper tank holding from four to five gallons of 

 the spraying mixture, with light force-pump attachment, are suf- 

 ficient. For general orchard work, a machine mounted on wheels 

 or arranged to be carried in a wagon is needed. The Riley or 

 Cyclone and the Nixon are the best nozzles to use. 



For applying dry insecticides, machines such as Leggett's Paris 

 green gun or the Woodason bellows should be used. By means 

 of a revolving fan blower or by other means, the powder is forced 

 out in a perfect dust-cloud. 



Home-made contrivances may be used to a limited extent ; but 

 they are likely to be not only ineffective, but, in the end, more 

 costly than specially-prepared machines. Mr. James Fletcher, 

 entomologist to the Canadian Department of Agriculture, says, 

 on this point: 



After considerable experience, I have come to the conclusion that it 

 will repay anyone who has to apply insecticides to go to the expense of 

 procuring a pair of proper bellows for dry mixtures, and a force-pump 

 for liquid applications. Such make-shift contrivances as ordinary 

 watering cans, whisks, wisps of hay, or bunches of leaves, which are 



