INSECTS ATTACKING LARGE FRUITS. 79 



ally fallen to the grouud. The first grubs begin to leave the apples 

 in Kansas about the first of June. They spin up and pupate in 

 crevices in the bark of the apple trees, and the adult moths issue 

 in about two weeks. These moths lay eggs on the later apples, and 

 another brood of grubs does what damage it can. These larv?e 

 mature in the fall, but do not pupate, invariably passing the winter 

 in the larval state either within the stored apples, or within a co- 

 coon on the tree, or in the store-house. They pupate in early spring, 

 and issue as moths about the first of May. The insect is thus two- 

 brooded. Besides the apple, it is known to attack the pear, plum, 

 and peach. There is usually but a single grub to an apple ; as 

 many as four or five have been found in one fruit, however. 



Remedies. — As most of the infested apples fall to the ground 

 before the grub escapes, gathering and destroying the apples, as 

 soon as fallen (the larva soon escapes from the fallen fruit), is an 

 effective remedy. 



Trapping the insects, by providing places for them in which to 

 spin up, is very effectual. Bands of wrapping paper or rags 

 should be tied about the tree trunks about the first of June. They 

 should be visited weekly, or once in 10 days, and the spun-up 

 larvae or chrysalids destroyed. The paper bands can be taken off 

 and burned ; if rags are used, they may be scalded and then re- 

 placed. That the larvre may be induced to frequent these bands, 

 the rough bark should be scraped from the trunk, and all rub- 

 bish and weeds should be cleared from the ground near the trees. 



As many of the second brood of larvse are stored with the win- 

 ter apples, the barrels should be carefully examined during the 

 winter and all hibernating larvse (within cocoons) found should 

 be killed. 



Spraying with London purple (see p. 8) against this pest has 

 been tested and pronounced a valuable remedial measure. The 

 spraying should be done at the time of the first falling of the 

 blossoms, when the calyces are turned up, forming so many little 

 cups on the blossom ends of the fruits, into which the poison falls. 

 The newly-hatched larvae endeavoring to penetrate the forming 

 fruit are killed. The spraying should be repeated in 10 days or 

 two weeks after the first application. One pound of Ijondon pur- 

 ple should be mixed with 250 gallons of water. 



Kansas Notes. — This pest is of foreign origin, having been im- 

 ported into this country from Europe about the beginning of this 



