INSECTS ATTACKING LARGE FRUITS. 81 



wiugs or have very short ones. There are two, and perhaps more, 

 broods in a season (Weed). In the fall, only mature individu- 

 als are found ; at this time they frequent golden-rods, sunflowers, 

 asters, and other fall flowers. The injuries to fruit-trees are 

 done in the spring; '•'buttoning" of strawberries is often caused 

 by this pest (Weed ). 



Rnnedie-^. — Kerosene emulsion or 2:)yrethrum (see p. 9) j^rove 

 ettective. Arsenical poisons cannot be used, of course, as the in- 

 sect does not eat the leaves, but sucks the juices from them. 



By shaking the infested trees in spring, early in the morning, 

 when the bugs are sluggish, many may be captured and destroyed. 



Kansas Note.^. — In the Transactions of the Kansas State Hor- 

 ticultural Society for 1873, Prof E. A. Popenoe reports seeing 

 many Tarnished Plant-bugs in the blossoms of apple trees. They 

 have been observed continuously since, and certainly do consider- 

 able harm annuallv. 



APPLE-TREE TWIG BORER. 



{Amphicerus bicaudatvs Say; Order, Coleojitera.) 



J>iagno-m. — Infesting the apple; leaves turning brown, and 

 small twigs withering; on examination, small holes found near 

 buds, usually in the axils, from six inches to a foot from the end 

 of the twig ; the twigs break oft' freely in high Avinds. 



De'^crlpilon and Life- hi dor;/. — This pest is a small, cylindrical, 

 dark-brown beetle, from one-fourth to one-third of an inch long. 

 The injury is mostly done by the adult, which bores into small 

 branches of apple, pear, cherry, sumac, and grajje, and digs a 

 cylindrical burrow within the branch one or two inches long. The 

 life-history of this pest has been studied by Prof E. A. Popenoe. 

 For a considerable time after the insect had been recognized as a 

 pest of fruit-trees, the life-history and the character of the early stages 

 were unknown. Professor Popenoe concludes from his studies 

 that the beetle is single-brooded, hibernating in the adult state, 

 emerging in the spring (April and May), and depositing eggs in 

 unhealthy or dead wood of grape-vines and tamarix. The larva; 

 on hatching bore into tlie canes and make cylindrical burrows. 

 —6 



