WERNER MARCHAND 15 



should yield many new discoveries. On the other hand, European 

 investigators have neglected the Tabanids somewhat, and it would 

 seem desirable to reinvestigate the larvae of the common Tabanus 

 bovinus, which since their discovery by Degeer in 1760 apparently 

 have not been found again. 



CHRONOLOGY. 



1760. Degeer bred Tabanus bovinus from terrestrial larva. 



1775. Fabricius' Systema entomologiae, said to contain notes on Chrysops 



larva. 



1776. French translation of Degeer's Memoires. 

 1798. Fabricius' Entomologia systematica. 



1834. Macquart cited the observations of Degeer. 



1838. Wahlberg, in Sweden, published notes on the larvae as semiparasites. 



1840. Westwood cited the observations of Degeer. 



1842. Zetterstedt's observations on Chrysops. 



1848. Scholtz observed pupae of three tabanid species near Breslau. 



1854. KoUar published Mann's observations on oviposition of Tabanus. 



1863. Walsh, in Boston, described the larva of Tabanus atratus (aquatic). 



1868. Marno, in Vienna, found the aquatic larva of Hexatoma pellucens. 



1869. Brauer described the terrestrial larva of Hcematopota pluvialis. 



1870. Ferris, in France, independently described the same larva. 

 1870. Riley, in America, redescribed the larva of Tabanus atratus. 

 1875. Beling, in Germany, described (third) the larva of Hcematopota. 



1878. Graber discovered an otocyst-like organ in the tabanid larva. 



1879. Krauss claimed the discovery for Brauer. 



1880. von Friedenfels found aquatic larva of Tabanus autumnalis in salt lakes in 



Siebenbiirgen. 

 1882. Beling described the pupa of Chrysops relictus. 

 1882. German translation of Degeer's Memoires. 



1882. Graber described the chordotonal organs of Tabanus {Chrysops?) larva. 



1883. Brauer gave notes and illustrations on various tabanid larvae and briefly 



summarized the literature. 

 1895. Hart, in Illinois, described several American species of tabanid larvae, 



notably Tabanus stygius, lineola, costalis, and Chrysops vittatus. 

 1899. Sharp, in The Cambridge Natural History, illustrated larvae of Tabanus 



{?Atylotus fulvus). 

 1903. Hine, in Ohio, described the larva and pupa of Tabanus vivax. 



1903. Hine's Monograph on the Tabanidae of Ohio, with notes on life histories, 



containing also the first notes, and on oviposition in Chrysops. 



1904. Hine's studies at the Gulf Biological Station. 



