52 THE EARLY STAGES OF TABANID^ 



put into a bottle as one would arrange a bouquet, and this was placed 

 on the bottom of the tank so that the parts of the leaves to which the 

 eggs were attached were a foot or more above the surface of the 

 water which contained the layer of kerosene. Even under these 

 conditions an exact count could not be obtained, because the kero- 

 sene appeared to affect different specimens differently. Some were 

 killed very quickly, some died after an hour or more, while others did 

 not appear to suffer particular inconvenience from the treatment. 

 Further observation is necessary to be able to give conclusive state- 

 ments regarding the matter. 



Chrysops relictus Meigen.— A European species, and the first 

 species of the genus in which reliable data were obtained, by Beling 

 (1876), on the pupal stage. From three pupae found on July 16, 

 1876, in the sand of the border of a small meadow brook, two imagos 

 were produced on July 24 and 25. The third did not develop. 



Beling's description of the pupa is as follows: 



Pupa. — 12 mm. in length, 3 mm. in diameter, of dirty brownish yellow color. 

 Head shining, strongly brownish anteriorly; lower frontal margin with four 

 broad, rounded teeth in a transverse row ; above these teeth two small tubercles, 

 each with two stiff brown moderately long hairs; further down posteriorly two 

 similar tubercles separated by a larger distance and each bearing only one 

 such hair. Dorsally, at the border between the head and thorax, are two brown- 

 ish ear-shaped longitudinal ridges diverging posteriorly. Antenna! sheaths 

 laterally appressed to the head, short, terminating in a point, not much marked. 

 Abdomen nine-segmented, brown, with blackish segmental incisions, less shining 

 than the head and the leg and wing cases. First abdominal segment very short, 

 deeply emarginated in the middle of the anterior margin; third to eighth abdominal 

 segments inclusive dorsally near the posterior margin with a transverse row of 

 densely placed backwardly appressed, pale bristle-like teeth of unequal length, 

 gradually becoming longer on the posterior segments and extending also over the 

 ventral surface of the segments. Anal segment ending in six claw-like spines 

 arranged divergently, of which the two upper ones are slightly smaller than the 

 remaining four. 



Chrysops vittatus Wiedemann. — A common species distributed all 

 over the eastern United States as far west as Kansas and Iowa. 

 This is the first species of Chrysops of which the larva has been de- 

 scribed (Hart, 1895).^ The larvae were found, according to Hart, in 



^ Recently, in the spring of 1917, 1 have found larva; of this species from which 

 a male imago was reared. 



