WERNER MARCHAND 65 



teriorly arched crescentic spiracles. Second to seventh segments with a sharp 

 pointed backwardly curved spine directly posterior to each spiracular tubercle. 

 A short distance above this spine is a similar one, and between these two from 

 one to four shorter ones. Some shorter teeth occur also both ventrally and 

 dorsally from the stout spines. These lateral spines become stronger poste- 

 riorly." 



"There is a definite break between the groups of lateral spines and the weak 

 spines forming the lateral elements of the dorsal series. This break is marked by 

 sharply impressed lines on segments 2 to 7 [Plate 11, Fig. 121]. Dorsal seriesof 

 spines on second to seventh segments consisting of a pair of stout spines on each 

 side of the median line [Plate 11, Fig. 121], the pair on the seventh segment being 

 most widely separated. On each side of the mid-dorsal pair are about three 

 other symmetrically placed strong spines. Between the larger spines are vary- 

 ing numbers of shorter ones, and gradually diminishing small ones terminate the 

 series on each side. All spines sharp pointed and curved backward. Ventral 

 surface of the second to seventh segments with smaller spines, having median 

 pairs of stronger teeth, most widely separated on the third segment and nearest 

 together on the seventh. There is a tendency for one of the minor spines on 

 each side of the median pair to be larger than its fellows. These smaller spines 

 of varying number but maintaining their series across venter of the segments, 

 interrupted only by the stronger ones and diminishing gradually on each side. 

 A wide hiatus exists between the last of the ventral series on each segment and 

 the group of spines near the spiracular tubercle. Eighth or terminal segments 

 with three strong spines on each side, connected by series of weaker points 

 [Plate 11, Fig. 121]. The pair made by the uppermost of these strong lateral 

 teeth is more widely separated than the corresponding ventral pair. In each 

 case the interspace (that is, the dorsal and the ventral area of the segment) is 

 devoid of points, except for small ones immediately adjacent to the large spines. 

 The location of the larval anus is marked by a rounded transversely wrinkled 

 knob and the spiracular eminence consists of two conspicuous tuberculate pro- 

 jections surmounted by sharp pointed downwardly curved spurs." 



This is, so far, tlie longest description of a tabanid larva and pupa 

 which we possess. 



Of early stages of the many exotic Pangoniinae nothing appears to 

 be known. 



