WERNER MARCHAND 93 



ment in the water, leaving it only for pupation, which takes place 

 at the edge of ponds, in the mud, among plant detritus, etc. 



Krauss expresses the opinion that the organ will doubtless also be 

 found in the imago, and in that case the mystery surrounding it may 

 be cleared up. 



Von Friedenfels (1880) reports on a larva which he found in the salt 

 lakes of Siebenbiirgen. This larva was aquatic and transparent and 

 was first thought to be an annelid. When sent to Brauer in Vienna, 

 it was identified by the latter as a larva of Tahanus autumnalis. 



Tabanus bicallosus Ricardo. — A smaller species of Tahanus, recorded 

 from Pusa, Bengal, and Madras, by Patton and Cragg, to whom we 

 also owe some notes on its early stages. 



As in all the small species observed by these authors, the eggs are 

 laid on blades of grass just at the edge of a shallow stream, or on the 

 leaves of the lotus plant at the edges of small ponds, but never over 

 deep water. 



The eggs, as in all the smaller species in Madras, are torpedo-shaped, 

 the eggs of this species measuring 1.1 mm. in length and 0.2 mm. in 

 breadth. Figures of the eggs are given (Plate 1, Figs. 12 and 13). 



The egg mass figured by Patton and Cragg seems to consist of two 

 layers spread out one over the other, and the whole "moulded into 

 the hollow of the blade right up to the tip" (as in other small Indian 

 tabanids) . 



The mature larva of Tabanus bicallosus is figured by the authors 

 (Plate 4, Fig. 62), but no description is given. On the drawing the 

 eleventh and twelfth segments appear to be completely fused (?), 

 dorsal pseudopods are well developed, which should indicate an 

 aquatic mode of life. There seems to be a color pattern similar to 

 that of the larva of Tahanus atratus. 



The pupa is likewise figured (Plate 11, Fig. 135), but not described. 

 In addition, figures are given of the abdominal tip of male and fe- 

 male pupae (Plate 12, Figs. 144 and 145), showing the arrangement of 

 the six terminal teeth. In the male pupa attention is called to the 

 ribbed anal tubercle and the continuous fringe of spines in front of 

 it, as differing from the condition in the female, which has a simple 

 anal tubercle and an interrupted fringe of spines in front of it. 



