100 THE EARLY STAGES OF TABANIDiE 



each side is provided with a rounded densely brush-like denticulate tubercle. 

 Antennte not discernible, palpi very short, one-jointed, thick. First body seg- 

 ment short, obtusely cone-shaped, retractile, and merging into the second seg- 

 ment without distinct border. Last segment short and much narrower than all 

 the preceding, cupola-shaped, bearing on the anterior part of the under side the 

 more or less prominent half circular anus crossed by a deep longitudinal furrow or 

 fissure. The tip of the last segment a roundish, wart-shapcd, retractile promi- 

 nence, bearing the vertical stigiratal fissure. Scgm.ents five to ten inclusive with 

 marginal swelHngs anteriorly. In this ridge or ring eight protuberances are dis- 

 tinctly observable, of which two smaller ones are located on the dorsal side, 

 one on each side, and two pairs, placed near to one another, forming the loco- 

 motory swellings of the under side. The surface of the retracted head capsule 

 visible through the cuticle of the first segments appears as an extensive brownish 

 yellowish area limited by two broad blackish stripes which, diverging from the 

 middle, are pointed and drawn out behind. 



The pupa is likewise described by Beling, a translation of which 

 follows. 



Pupa. — Pupa 16 to 18 mm. in length, 3.6 to 4 mm. in width, obtuse at the 

 anterior end, slightly narrowed behind, of dirty greenish yellow color, smooth, 

 somewhat shining, and if older, with blackish borders of the segments. Above 

 the front five to six small flat brownish tubercles or warts, of which the two 

 lowest are enlarged and tooth-hke, the two upper ones flatly truncated, bear- 

 ing a short blackish brown hair in the middle of the truncation. On each 

 side of these frontal tubercles is a short tooth-like outwardly directed spine. 

 Above the frontal tubercles are two small wart-like tubercles each bearing a 

 short black bristle. Lower ventral side of thorax on each side with two 

 small brovv'n warts bearing a backwardly directed closely appressed hair, 

 and with an elongate black spot, these together forming two rows diverging 

 posteriorly. Abdomen nine-segmented, first segment very short, third to eighth 

 segments inclusive on each side with two parallel longitudinal depressions rather 

 distant from one another, together forming two depressed Hnes running laterally 

 alongside the abdomen. In the middle of these depressions on each of the six seg- 

 ments mentioned and in its anterior part a short spine-shaped prominence and a 

 similar prominence also on the second segment immediately behind the wing 

 cases. Third to eighth abdominal scgm.ents near its posterior margin with a 

 circle of densely placed yellowish to brownish or even blackish hairs of uneven 

 length and more or less completely appressed backwards to the surface. Last 

 abdominal segment with six short thick outwardly diverging spines with dark 

 brown tips, of which four are placed in a horizontal row; namely, a strong one 

 on each side and two weaker ones in the middle. Wing and leg cases not very 

 strongly marked, of the same color as the rest of the body, reaching to the anterior 

 border of the third abdominal segm^ent. 



