WERNER MARCHAND 131 



On September 3 and 4 one pupated, lying on the surface of the sand, 

 partly submerged in water, and six days later gave rise to an adult 

 female. By October 18 several more had completed their life cycles, 

 and on that date, as King was proceeding to England on leave, the 

 remaining ones were killed and preserved. 



All those that pupated did so on the surface of the sand, some high 

 and dry, others half in and half out of the water. "Probably," says 

 King, "under more natural conditions, the pupal stage would be 

 passed buried in the soil — the structure of the pupal case seems to 

 indicate this." 



The average pupal period was from six to eight days. 



The following are practically King's descriptions of larva and pupa 

 (that of the egg having been quoted previously) of Tabanus par. 



The mature larva (Plate 3, Fig. 48) when fully extended measures about 13.5 

 mm. Color white with a grayish tinge. Mandibles dark brown to black, ser- 

 rated. On the anterior third of each abdominal segment except the eighth is a 

 ring of pseudopods, eight in each ring — two dorsal, two lateral, and four ventral — 

 except on the first abdominal segment, where the two dorsal ones are wanting. 

 On the second abdominal segment the two dorsal pseudopods are very small. 

 The pseudopods are largest on the third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments, 

 and are always more developed on the ventral than on the dorsal surface. Each 

 pseudopod bears a crown of colorless spines or hooks, and there are patches of 

 dark spines between the pseudopods. The spines on the dorsal sections of the 

 rings on the first and second abdominal segments are dark. The anus is situated 

 ventrally, at the base of the eighth segment, and is fringed with blackish hairs. 

 The syphon tube consists of two segments, and, when exserted is as long as the 

 eighth abdominal segment. 



The pupa (Plate 12, Fig. 142, a, b) is from 12 mm. to 15 mm. in length and 

 at first yellowish white in color, becoming darker as it nears maturity. The eyes 

 show plainly through the pupal case as dark greenish purple. The empty pupal 

 case is yellowish brown, the thoracic tubercles and the spiracles being darker 

 than the surrounding parts. On the apical third of the second abdominal seg- 

 ment is a fine ring of backwardly pointing spines. Similar but broader rings, 

 bearing longer and stronger spines, are on the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth 

 abdominal segments, and one of intermediate breadth on the seventh. The 

 eighth abdominal segment terminates in a coronet of six teeth, in color shining 

 brown, becoming darker at the tip. The dorsal pair are smallest and close to- 

 gether, the ventral pair next in size and wider apart, and the lateral pair longest 

 and arising from almost the same level as the dorsal pair. Ventrally placed to 

 this coronet of teeth are two rows of small teeth, from two to four in each row, 



