The Crane-Flies of New York — Part I 



779 



The lesser oceanic islands (the Seychelles, the Fiji, the Hawaiian, 

 and others) that have been at all studied are quite devoid of species of 

 the subfamily Tipulinae, these species being of large size and often 

 possessing considerable powers of flight; while the much smaller species 

 in the Limnobikiae are often very numerous and may include a considerable 

 range of species. Crane-flies in the arctic regions are very abundant 

 and are represented by a few genera of Limnobiinae and many species of 

 Tipula. Many of the latter have the wings atrophied so that they are 

 incapable of flight. This condition is particularly true of forms along 

 the coast or on wind-swept islands adjoining the mainland, and may 

 be confined to the female sex alone or may be found in both sexes. It 

 must be understood, however, that reduction of the wings is by no means 

 confined to such environments or to the genus Tipula, since it occurs 

 in almost all the major groups of crane-flies — in Limnobiini (Zalusa End.), 

 Eriopterini (Platylimnobia Alex., Chionea Dalm.), Limnophihni 

 (Zaluscodes Lamb, Alfredia Bezzi, Limnophila aspidoptera Coq.), Pediciini 

 ( Tricijphona hannai Alex.), and many others — and is found in many different 

 ]iarts of the world tho usually in arctic, oceanic, or mountainous situations. 

 Tipula besselsi O. S., described from Polaris Bay, northern Greenland, 

 is found above the 80th degree of north latitude and within a few hundred 

 miles of the North Pole. 



The four families of crane-flies include, respectively, the following 

 numbers of genera, subgenera, and species:^ 



Species 



Tanyderidae 



Ptychopteridae: 



Ptychopterinae 



Bittacomorphinae 



Rhyphidae: 



Trichocerinae 



Rhyphinae 



Mycetobiinae 



TiPULIDAE : 



Limnobiinae : 



Limnobiini 



Antochini 



Eriopterini 



Linmophilini 



» This table is dated June 1, 1916. 



12 

 4 



22 

 26 



365 

 160 

 410 

 290 



