832 Charles Paul Alexander 



Tipula strepens Loew Tipula tephrocephala Loew 

 submaculata Loew ultima Alex. (T) 



sulphurea Doane (C) unimaculata (Loew) 



taitghannock Alex. (C) valida Loew (C) 



The Austral region 



The Transition zone. — "The Transition zone ... is the trans- 

 continental belt in which Boreal and Austral elements overlap. From 

 New England to the northern Rocky Mountains its course is fairly even 

 and regular." (Merriam, 1898:20.) 



The following plants may be considered as Transition species: 



Schizaea pusilla Pursh Sassafras variifolium (Salisb.) Ktze. 



Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. Crotalaria sagittalis L. 



Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Polygala Nutlallii T. & G. 



cernuum L. Nyssa aquatica L. 



Aletris farinosa L. Asclepias verticillata L. 



Smilax hispida Muhl. Datura Stramonium L. 



Juglans nigra L. Pentstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. 



Ulmus racemosa Thomas Dianthera americana L. 



The crane-flies of this area include the following species: 



Dicranomyia vara 0. S. Tipula annulicornis Say 



Ldmnobia fallax Johns. eluta Loew 



Dicranoptycha sobrina O. S. fraterna Loew 



Gonomyia manca (O. S.) georgiana Alex. 



Ldmnophila cubitalis O. S. sayi Alex. 



fasciolata O. S. tricolor Fabr. 



irrorata Johns. tuscarora Alex. 



Aeshnasoma rivertonensis Johns. umbrosa Loew 



Limnophila cubitalis perhaps might be better included in the list pre- 

 ceding this. Tipula umbrosa ranges from the Austral to the Canadian 

 zone, but seems most numerous in the Transition zone. 



The Upper Austral zone. — "The Carolinian faunal area [of the Upper Ji 

 Austral zone] .... occupies the larger part of the Middle States, '' 

 except the mountains." (Merriam, 1898:30.) 



The following plants may be considered as Upper Austral species: 



PiniLs virginiana Mill. Cabomba caroliniana Gray 



echinata Mill. Asimina triloba Dunal 



Commelina communis L. Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. 



Saururus cernuus L. Liquidambar Styraciflua L. 



Quercus falcata Michx. Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. 



marilandica Muench. Lespedeza repent (L.) Bart. 



phellos L. Ptelea Irifoliata L.^ 



Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. Evonymus americanus L. 



' Species characteristic of this zone but running into the Transition zone. 



I 



