The Crane-Flies of New York — Part I 837 



Autumnal species — from September 10 to snowfall — are as follows. 

 LimnophUa ultima is sometimes vei-nal but is commoner in late summer 

 and autumn. Discobola argus is found at other seasons but is more 

 numerous in September. Cladura flavoferruginea, Limnophila ultima, and 

 Tipula cimctans have a longer flight-period than most of the others listed. 



Dicranomyia hrevivena 0. S. Tricyphona aulumnalis Alex. 



Limnobia parietina O. S. Tipula cunclans Say 



Discobola argus (Say) fragilis Loew 



Cladura delicatida Alex. ultima Alex. 



flavoferruginea O. S. unifasciata (Loew) 

 Limnophila oshorni Alex. 

 ultima O. S. 



The following European species seem to have this seasonal distribution: 



Tipula anonyma Bergr. Tipula melanoceros Schum. 

 autumnalis Loew obsoleta Meig. 



interserta Ried. pagana Meig. 



luteipennis Meig. rufina Meig. 



mannorata Meig. signata Staeg. 



IMMATURE STAGES 

 THE EGG 



The egg stage is generally of short duration, usually lasting from one 

 to three weeks. In Tipula sayi it is eight days. The number of eggs 

 laid, so far as is known, ranges from about forty-five in Styringomyia 

 didyma to about two thousand in the larger species of Eriocera. The 

 eggs are deposited in different ways according to the species, the details 

 of which are discussed elsewhere (page 881). 



The eggs are without an intricate sculpturing, but may be finely 

 punctured or striate. They are black, with a heavy chorion in the 

 Tipulinae and in the tribe Hexatomini. In most of the Limnobiinae and 

 the Cylindrotominae they are white and pellucid, or even a hght orange- 

 red in some cases, as in the genus Dicranomyia. 



THE LARVA 



The larval, or feeding, stage is the longest in the life of a crane-fly, 

 in the known cases requiring the greater part of the year. Some of the 

 smaller forms are presumably double-brooded, since they appear in the 

 spring, are absent during most of the summei-, and reappear in the late 



