The Crane-Flies of New York — Part I 845 



Wood- and bark-inhabiting forms 



The forms inhabiting wood and bark (Ctenophora, Tanyptera, and 

 others) may be reared by placing pieces of their natural habitations 

 in a large closed jar and leaving them undisturbed. Pupation takes 

 place in the burrows of the larvae. 



THE ADULT FLIES 

 STRUCTURE 



The head 



The head is the first, or anterior, region of the body. It bears the 

 mouth parts, the antennae, the compound eyes, and, when they are 

 present, the simple eyes, or ocelli. 



The sclerites 



The sclerites, or segments, composing the head are approximately 

 the same as in other insects, consisting of a prominent dorsal sclerite 

 which surrounds the compound eyes, the epicramum. This is further 

 divided into regions which may be located generally as follows: The 

 fronto-clypeus is located on the dorso-cephalic aspect of the head, between 

 the labrum and the region of the vertex. It consists of the united front 

 and clypeus, the suture between them having disappeared. The labrum, 

 or upper lip, is often present as a chitinized linear structure lying anterior 

 to the fronto-clypeus and attached to the ventral margin of the clypeal 

 region of the latter. The vertex occupies the dorsal region between the 

 compound eyes, and, when they are present, includes the ocelh, or simple 

 eyes. On or near its anterior part it bears the antennae (page 848), 

 inserted in depressions, the antennal fossae. In many species with elongate 

 antennae, especially in Eriocera, Macromastix, and some other genera, 

 the vertex bears a distinct tubercle, the vertical tubercle, which is often 

 deeply bifid. In Geranomyia cornigera Alex. (Philippine Islands) the 

 vertex bears a curious elongate fleshy lobe. Very rarely this sclerite 

 bears three simple eyes, or ocelli, which are discussed elsewhere (page 854). 

 The genae, or cheeks, occupy the sides, or lateral parts, of the head, ventrad 

 and mesad of the compound eyes. The ventro-caudal region of the 

 head is made up of the postgenac. The dorso-caudal region is the occiput. 



