The Crane-Flies of New York — Part I 849 



Nephrotoma, and Tipula; great elongation, in which the organ may- 

 be two or more times as long as the whole body, is found in a few native 

 species of Eriocera (fig. 125, f), and in some exotic genera, as Rhabdo- 

 mastix, sens, str., the Old World species of Megistocera, and a few species 

 of Macromastix. The flagellar segments are constricted at their middle 

 in the genus Polymera, producing the multi-segmented appearance which 

 gives the genvis its name; in Sigmatomera some of the flagellar segments 

 are reniform or shaped like a recumbent S. In many species of Ormosia 

 {0. monticola, 0. divergens, 0. megacera, 0. mesocera) the elongated antennae 

 are subnodulose and strongly suggest the beadlike condition obtaining in 

 the Cecidomyiidae. In Trimicra the three terminal segments are abruptly 

 smaller than the remainder of the flagellum; in some species of Stygeropis 

 it is the terminal segment only that is so reduced. Pectinations and 

 flabellate formations are found in the antennae in many genera — Rhipidia 

 (fig. 125, A and b), Gynoplistia, Cerozodia, Ctedonia, most of the genera 

 of the tribe Ctenophorini (fig. 125, l and m), and several genera of the 

 tribe Tipulini, such as Ptilogyna and Ozodicera. 



The two basal segments of the antennae are quite different in shape 

 from those that follow, and are called the scapus, or scape. The scape 

 is often considerably enlarged, especially in those species with elongate 

 antennae — in the genera Rhabdomastix, Eriocera (fig. 125, f), Megisto- 

 cera, and others. The second segment of the scape is usually shorter than 

 the first, and in the species with elongate antennae it is usually short 

 and cup-shaped (fig. 125, f, g, and h), a condition known as cyathiform. 

 The whiplike part beyond the scape is the flagellum. The flagellum is 

 almost always clothed with a pubescence of varying character, from 

 straight to uncinate, from appressed to outspreading and divergent, 

 from short to long, and often longer in the male sex than in the female. 

 In addition to these delicate hairs there are usually strong, bristle-like 

 hairs arranged in a more or less complete whorl, or verticil (fig. 125, J 

 and o). The Tipulinae (fig. 125, l-o) have a more or less complete whorl 

 of these strong hairs, which are absent in Stygeropis (fig. 125, n) and in 

 Holorusia and form good generic characters in a difficult group of the 

 family. In many species of Gonomyia (G. sulphurella [fig. 125, e], 

 G. manca, G. pleuralis, G. amazona, and others), and in some species 

 of Erioptera (subgenus Empeda), the verticillate hairs on the male 

 antennae are exceedingly elongated and conspicuous. 



