The Crane-Flies of New York — Part I 



871 



and others), the hypopygium is enlarged and complicated in structure, 

 the enlargement often involving the terminal two or three segments. 

 The modifications of the eighth and ninth segments are almost incon- 

 ceivable in their variety, and only the more important types can be 

 mentioned here. 



The Tipulinae: In the tipuline forms the pleura are intimately 

 attached to the sternites, and their appendages lie parallel to each other, 



9fh ierqite 



dih ierqife 



9fh i^rg/fe 



Pleura/ suture 

 9th sterrrrfe 



9^ jf^ern/fe 



B 



Qlh sternife 



Fig. 129. male hypopygium, tipulinae 



A, Tipula monticola, lateral aspect. B, T. parshleiji, lateral aspect. C, T. monticola, ninth 

 tergite, dorsal aspect. D, T. sulphurea, ninth tergite, dorsal aspect 



work longitudinally, and act as claspers by jutting into the notch of 

 the ninth tergite. 



The ninth tergite (fig. 129, c and d) is the terminal dorsal plate of the 

 abdomen. It is of various shapes, but usually rectangular, and may be 

 very large or correspondingly reduced. The caudal margin is variously 

 modified (Plates XLIX-LII), being in some cases nearly straight across 

 and in others notched by V- or U-shaped incisions, with the lateral lobes 

 often produced into long-extending arms, and the appendages of the ninth 

 pleurite jutting into the notch in a position of rest. In some cases the 



