The Crane-Flies of New York — Part I 915 



Epiphragma is a small genus of handsome flies including about eighteen 

 described species, which are most abundant in the tropics of America. 

 The flies are of medium size and are among the most beautiful in the 

 family, their wing pattern of ocellate spots and bands producing a striking 

 efi"ect. The immature stages are amphibious, the larval life being spent 

 in saturated decaying wood such as ash (Fraxinus) and buttonbush 

 (Cephalanthus), in swampy situations, and in similar habitats. 



The following key divides the local species: 



^lhfti^!lj ^''k Y""^ ^'•"ssbands which are margined with darker; a brown annulus at 



n IQ^ K^'fl m^'f fJ^f^««5^«/«-'">^n'^^-« Say. Journ. Acad.,Nat. Sci. Phila., vol 3, 



Wings with an irregular pattern of brown and tawny; a brown annulus' before tTrtip^'o 



m /\Tt- ,i^''r"P^'^'' '"^'^^'"^^ ^- ^- P^««- A^aJ- Nat. Sci. Pliila., p. 238 1859 

 (nate XLl, lo9.) ^ ^^^^^^:^ ^^ gj 



In many specimens of Epiphragma fascipenms the wing bands are 

 more contmuous than in the wing shown, there being usually three such 

 bands, the last lying across the wing tip distad of the cord. The wing 

 pattern is strongly suggestive of that of the rare primitive tanyderid 

 Protoplasa fiichii, and most of the specimens of the latter that have been 

 located m museums were found pinned among series of Epiphraqma 

 fascipennis. 



Genus Limnophila Macquart 



1834 LimnophUa Macq. Suit, k Buff., vol. 1, Hist. Nat. Ins., Dipt., p. 95 

 Ibbl Lunnomya Rond. Prodromus, vol. 4, Corrigenda p 11 

 1888 Pilana Sintenls. Sitzber. Nat.-Ges. Dorpat., vol'. 8, p. 398. 



Limnophila is one of the largest of the crane-fly genera, the number 

 of described species being between one hundred and ninety and two 

 hundred, of which a quarter occur within the geographical limits con- 

 sidered m this paper. The subgenera into Which the genus is divided 

 are here recognized largely for convenience only, some of them being 

 poorly definable. The larval and pupal characters will be found to be 

 much more valuable in delimiting these groups. Limnophila mundoides 

 and L. emmehna both represent groups which are as well defined as the 

 sub-genera here recognized. Most of the forms of northeastern North 

 America fly during the month of June and are to be found in cold 

 Canadian woodlands. The immature stages of most species of Limnophila 

 are spent in rich, saturated mud or earth. 



