The Crane-Flies of New York — Part I 939 



Male hypopi/gium, whether the sclerites of the ninth segment are separate, or the tergite 

 is fused with the sternite, or all the sclerites are fused into a continuous ring. The primitive 

 character is to have a separate tergite, pleurite, and sternite, and specialization in the organ 

 is shown by the fusion of these parts. The pleurite is first lost, by fusing with the sternite, 

 but a part of the pleural suture is retained in all except the most specialized forms. The 

 culmination of the organ in this genus is the fusion of the tergite with the already fused 

 sterno-pleurite so as to form a continuous ring. The eighth sternite shows many curious 

 modifications, which have already been discussed (p. 873). 



Female hijpopygium, which is much more homogeneous than the male hypopygium but 

 which still shows many peculiar modifications and tendencies. There may be a sudden 

 narrjwmg of the organ, as in T. besselsi, or the valves may be shortened and fleshy, and 

 feebly chitinized, as in the collaris and hicornis groups. The most striking modification 

 apparently is that seen in the arctica group, in which the ovipositor has two valves lying 

 transversely and with the outer margins variously serrated. 



Four subgenera are included in the genus, classified as follows: 



A. Subgenus Trichotipula Alex. — Apical cells of the wings with abundant short hairs; 

 coloration dull, as in Oropeza, but vein 7^2 persistent for its entire length. 



Tipula (Trichotipula) oropezoides Johns. 



B. Subgenus Cinctotipula Alex. — Apical cells of the wings with a sparse, short pubescence; 

 coloration dark brown, the mesonotum with pale stripes; ninth tergite with the caudal margin 

 concave; antennae of the male elongated. 



Tipula {Cinctotipula) algonquin Alex. 

 Tipula {Cinctotipula) unimaculata (Loew) 

 Tipula {Cinctotipula) dorsolineata Doane 



C. Subgenus Odontotipula Alex. — Apical cells of the wings with a very sparse, short 

 pubescence, most evident in cell R^; coloration bright shiny yellow and red, as in species of 

 Nephrotoma; antennae of the male short. 



Tipula {Odontotipula) unifasciata (Loew) 



D. Subgenus Tipula Linn. — No pubescence in the apical cells of the wings. This sub- 

 genus is divided into twenty-two groups, as follows: 



L The collaris group. — Coloration shiny black and yellow, as in species of Nephrotoma; 

 wings with the m-cu cross- vein beneath the middle of cell 1st M2; female ovipositor with 

 the valves short and fleshy. 



Tipula collaris Say 



T. nobilis (Loew) 



2. The pachijrhinoides group. — Similar to the preceding in coloration; wings with the 

 m-cu cross- vein nearer to the fork of M than to the medial cross- vein; female ovipositor 

 with the valves elongate and chitinized. 



T. pachyrhinoides Alex. 



3. The hicornis group. — Nasus very short to indistinct; coloration dull yellow to brownish 

 yellow, with the thoracic stripes usually distinct; venation with cell 1st M2 very small and 

 pentagonal; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite usually tumid; female ovipositor with 

 the valves short, blunt, subfleshy. 



T. hicornis Forbes 

 T. megaura Doane 

 T. morrisoni Alex. 

 T. parshleiji Alex. 

 T. johnsoniana Alex. 



4. The valida group. — A heterogeneous collection of subgroups, as follows: 



a. The valida subgroup. — Very large species; the eighth sternite with prominent lateral 

 lobes and a depressed median lobe. 

 T. valida Loew 

 T. hirsuta Doane 



