The Crane-Flies of New York — Part II 727 



had fallen into the water or were captured while newly transformed. 

 Forbes (1888) records Coregonus and Hyodon as feeding on the eggs, 

 and Notropis as feeding on the larvae, of crane-flies. Levander (1909:1) 

 records Perca fiudatilis Linn, as feeding on larvae of Tipulidae. 



Invertebrates 



Arachnida. — Some spiders are notable enemies of crane-flies, which 

 fall easy victims while in a helpless, teneral condition. These spiders 

 represent many families, such "as the Thomisidae, the Lycosidae, the 

 Attidae, the Epeiridae, and others (Alexander and Lloyd, 1914:15; 

 also, Alexander, 1915 c: 144). An accomit of their preying on the larger 

 crane-flies of the genus Tipula is given under the discussion of T. 

 taughannock (page 1013). In a recent paper Bilsing (1920) has recorded 

 four species of crane-flies eaten by spiders. These spiders represented 

 thirteen species arranged in four families — the Lycosidae, the Attidae, 

 the Epeiridae, and the Agelenidae. J. R. Malloch found a female Tipula 

 angustipennis which was being eaten by a crab spider, determined by 

 Mr. Banks as Xysticus ferox Htz. The spider did not release its hold 

 until after it was placed in a jar of cyanide. 



Hexajjoda. — Odonata: The following records of dragon-flies found 

 feeding on adult crane-flies are available: Gomphus vastus Walsh and 

 G. ventricosus Walsh, found feeding on Tipula bicornis at South Bend, 

 Indiana, May 30, 1914 (E. B. Williamson); Helocordulia uhleri (Selys), 

 foimd feeding on Eriocera longicornis (Alexander, 1915 c: 152); Agrion 

 puella Linn., found feeding on Erioptera flavescens (Campion, 1914:498). 

 C. H. Kennedy has sent the writer a male and a female specunen of a small 

 crane-fly, Teucholabis pabulatoria Alex., which he found in the mouth of 

 a damsel fly, Hetaerina tricolor Burm., collected in Guatemala by Professor 

 Hine. Needham and Hart (1901-03 [1901]: 47) record the nymphs of 

 Anax Junius (Dru.) feeding on the larvae of Tipulidae. 



Diptera: The adult flies of at least three families of the order Diptera 

 — -the Asihdae, the Empididae, and the Scatophagidae — and the larvae 

 of a fourth, Anthomyiidae, are notable enemies of crane-flies. The 

 records of Kirby (1892), Poulton (1906-O7), Bromley (1914), Alexander 

 (1915 c), and McAtee and Banks (1920) on the first three of these 

 famihes may be summarized as follows: 



