840 Charles Paul Alexander 



caudal end of the larva is described as having but four lobes; no mention 

 is made of the median dorsal lobe found in the American species, and it 

 is presumably lacking or very reduced in size. Pierre (1919-20:70) has 

 reared this species from larvae living in Russula nigricans Fries. 



Another European species, U. bolitophila Loew, was bred from larvae 

 living in fungi on beech trees in Austria (Loew, 1869:4-5). 



In America, the immature stages of Ula elegans have been discussed 

 by the writer (Alexander, 1915a), the notes given below being in part 

 supplementary to his earlier account. 



Ula elegans 0. S. 



1869 Ula elegans 0. S. IMon. Dipt. N. Amer., part 4, p. 276-277. 



Ula elegans is a rather common species in mountainous regions thi'uout 

 the northeastern United States. The adult flies swarm in early spring 

 and again in the fall. At Ithaca, New York, on May 14, 1912, the writer 

 found them swarming at half past four in the afternoon. There were 

 about fifteen to twenty individuals in a swarm within a foot or two of 

 the ground. In some cases the swarms were reduced to two or three 

 individuals, or in a few instances to a single specimen. In copulation 

 the flies rest on the upper surface of near-by plants (Symplocarpus, in the 

 instance cited), with all the legs on the support. Copulation is rather 

 firm, and the insects fly for short distance^^ still united. The only crane-fly 

 associated with Ula at that time was Limnophila ultima 0. S. 



On September 15, 1912, the writer found a fleshy species of fungus 

 (Fomes) growing on a much-decayed stump close to the ground. This 

 fungus contained a number of crane-fly larvae, including about thirty-five 

 larvae of Limnobia cinctipes, a lesser number of L. triocellata, and many 

 larvae of Ula elegans. The larvae of these species frequented the upper 

 layers of the mushroom and had reduced the surface to a semi-liquid 

 state. At the end of a week the whole fungus was reduced to a very 

 decayed condition. The fungus, which was taken at Gloversville, New 

 York, was then transferred to Ithaca, and was placed in large glass jars, 

 with sand in the bottom to take up the liquids produced by decay and 

 to provide a place for pupation. The first adults emerged on October 

 14. Emergence continued until the 27th, when the remaining pupae 

 were killed and placed in alcohol. At that time they were very dark- 



