The Crane-Flies of New York — Part II 969 



Labrum narrow, apex evenly rounded. Labial lobes stout, separated by labrum, at tip 

 narrowed and somewhat pointed. Maxillary palpi long and stout, just beyond base bent 

 strongly backward. Antennae rather short, bases not widely separated (Plate LXXXIV, 

 456). Thorax very deep, much flattened anteriorly (Plate LXXXIV, 455). Pronotal 

 breathing horns short, cylindrical, slightly divergent, apex of each a Uttle expanded. Meso- 

 notum at declivity with two flattened plates, which are blunt and directed cephalad and 

 slightly laterad; above wing axil a smaller tubercle. Wing sheaths ending just before apex 

 of second abdominal segment. Leg sheaths ending just before apex of third abdominal 

 segment; tarsi ending about on a level. 



Abdomen strongly depressed, lateral margins carinate; segments distinct, unarmed, sub- 

 divided into a narrow basal ring and a much broader posterior ring; segments 2 to 5 a little 

 longer than segments 6 and 7. Male cauda with valves divided into two rounded lobes 

 by a small median notch. Female cauda with dorsal valves straight, a little longer and 

 much stouter than the slender sternal valves. 



Nepionotype. — Westhclme, Vancouver Island, B. C, May 15, 1917. 

 Neanotype. — Female pupa with type larva. 



Genus Liogma Osten Sacken (Gr. smooth + furrow) 

 1869 Liogma 0. S. Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., part 4, p. 298. 



Larva.- — Body covered with elongate, leaflike projections, dorsal ones with one or two 

 teeth on anterior convex face. Spiracular disk surrounded by four lobes. Head capsule 

 compact. Mentum with about fourteen teeth. 



Pupa.- — Metanotum and abdominal tergites with elongate spines, branched in L. glahrala, 

 simple in L. nodicornis. 



The genus Liogma includes three known species, of which the genotype, 

 Liogma nodicornis (0. S.), is American. The adult flies of this species 

 are sluggish, and are found resting on vegetation growing in and about 

 shaded ponds and similar situations. 



In Europe the hfe history of L. glahrata (Meig.) has been worked out 

 by De Rossi (1876), by Wesenberg-Lund (1915:347-348), and in con- 

 siderable detail by Mliggenberg (1901). The larvae were found in the 

 woods near Berlin, in wet, grassy spots where the moss Hyimum squarrosum 

 Brch. & Schp. occurs. The complete metamorphosis of the insect takes 

 one year, the larval life requiring the greater part of this period. The 

 egg stage lasts from eight to ten days and the pupal stage from eleven to 

 twelve days. The duration of adult hfe is not known, but it is certainly 

 short, occupying but a few weeks at the most. 



Near Berlin the flies emerge during the first half of July. The males 

 appear first, the females later, and the latter are always seized in copulation 



