994 Charles Paul Alexander 



Holorusia is a small gonus (about ten species) of New World crane- 

 flies, only one of which — the genotype, Holorusia ruhiginosa — is Nearctic. 

 This species and Longurio are the largest Nearctic crane-flies. The 

 anatomy of th(^ "giant crane-fly" has been described in some detail 

 by Kellogg (1901, a and b) and by Comstock and Kellogg (1904). The 

 immature stages are spent in moist earth. The genus is undoubtedly 

 closely related to Prionocera, and, presumably, to the Old World genus 

 Ctenacroscelis Enderlein. 



Holorusia ruhiginosa Loew 



1863 Holorusia ruhiginosa Loew. Berl. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 7, p. 1. 

 1888 Tipida (Holorusia) grandis Bergr. Ent. Tidskr., vol. 9, p. 140. 



Holorusia ruhiginosa is widely distributed thruout the western United 

 States and Canada. A number of larvae were taken by H. Morrison 

 near Stanford University, California, on February 22, 1915. They were 

 shipped to the writer at Ithaca, New York, where the species was reared. 

 The massive larva is used for purposes of dissection in the entomological 

 courses at some of the western universities. 



Larva. — Length, 50-00 mm. 



Diameter, 6.2-6.4 mm. 



Coloration, dark greenish brown. 



Form stout, subterete. Integument covered with dense, short, erect, black hairs. A 

 few weak and delicate setae, two on dorsum and on venter of each abdominal segment; two 

 long setae on lateral margins of posterior rings. Spiracular disk (Plate XC, 496) moderately 

 large, surrounded by six stout, elongate lobes which are similar to those of Prionocera but 

 are stouter and less digitiform; ventral lobes a little the longest, dorsal lobes a little the short- 

 est; all the lobes capable of close approximation, completely protecting spiracles; lobes 

 fringed with long black hairs which are longest near apices, shorter between lobes; ventral 

 and lateral lobes with a delicate black line down inner face, these Hues barely indicated 

 on dorsal lobes; remainder of disk and lobes dusky. Spiracles very large, circular, separated 

 by a distance a Uttle less than diameter of one. Anal gills six, short, slender, the two 

 anterior gills of either side united basally, posterior pair simple. 



Head capsule of the usual massive tipuline type, prefrons running caudad as a narrow 

 point, lateral plates broad. Labrum broad, with a densely hairy lobe on either side. Men- 

 tum (Plate XC, 493) with a prominent median point; behind it on either side three flattened 

 teeth, the innermost the broadest, the middle tooth more acute, the outermost formed by 

 fusion of two small teeth. Hypopharynx (Plate XC, 494) about six-toothed, the intermediate 

 teeth with a large notch between. Antenna (Plate XC, 495) with basal segment very long 

 and slender; principal apical papilla conical; a number of small hyaline sense pegs. Mandi- 



