EASTERN UNITED STATES. 35 



willows. L. Ursula is more often found in or near the 

 woods on the lower leaves of some tree or shrub, or 

 sipping moisture from a mud-hole. The Pamphilas are 

 essentially grass insects, and are seen more frequently 

 about the rank growths of semi-water-grasses of a swamp 

 than in any other place, except a blossoming clover-field. 

 In spring the wild plums and judas-trees form a resort 

 for several species of Eudamus, Nisoniades, and Papilios, 

 as well as for many other insects. 



Some species flock together in great numbers, espe- 

 cially after they have multiplied to a great extent, as 

 Danais Archippus ; others are seldom to be found ex- 

 cept in pairs, as Debis Portlandia already spoken of, and 

 Paphia Troglodyta. The latter, instead of sitting upon 

 the trunk of a tree, takes position on a leaf, a stick, or a 

 stump, where he stands guard over his mate, chasing 

 away every intruder and returning again to the same 

 place. When the sun sinks in the west, or the sky 

 becomes overcast with clouds, the butterflies prepare for 

 the night's sleep. In doing this, they usually attach 

 themselves to the under side of a leaf, with the wings 

 folded back to back, and the fore wings thrown back so 

 as to be partly covered by the hind wings. Many 

 species are of such colors on the under side that in this 

 position they are not conspicuous, the colors simulating 

 those of the surrounding objects. The coppery brown of 

 the under side of Paphia closely resembles that of a dead 

 oak-leaf, and so do the dull browns of Satyrus, Neo- 

 nympha, and others, though some are more variegated. 

 The writer has frequently seen Argynnis Cybele fly about 

 several low trees and try several leaves before finding 

 one to its liking. Butterflies will sometimes do this to 



