THE SWALLOWTAILS 71 



curious-looking object, the wings wrinkled and bloated, 

 and, although the whole process of escape lasts little more 

 than half a minute, already twice the size of the sheaths 

 they lately occupied. The insect crawls upward until it 

 finds a secure resting place, and there remains until ready 

 for flight; each half of the tongue, drawn independently 

 from its receptacle, is rolled in a separate spiral, and now 

 while the wings are gradually expanding the insect applies 

 all its energies to uniting their two parts, incessantly rolls 

 and unrolls them, and beginning simultaneously at the 

 base, gradually fits them together by their interlocking 

 joints; in about fifteen minutes all but the tips are per- 

 fectly united; these require nearly fifteen minutes more, 

 and are not fairly interlocked until the wings are fully 

 expanded, nearly a full half hour after the escape from the 

 chrysalis; the wings, however, are still tender, and gener- 

 ally require two hours to stiffen. When at last the insect 

 ventures upon flight, it is not with an uncertain flutter, 

 but boldly and steadily, as if long accustomed to the 

 action." 



The butterflies of this second brood of the season are 

 likely to begin to appear early in August, continuing to be- 

 come more abundant throughout that month. These lay 

 eggs upon the same food plant and the caterpillars grow 

 to maturity in the same way as those of the first brood. 

 They become full grown during September or October, 

 and then change to chrysalids which remain dormant 

 until the following spring. The species thus has two 

 broods each year and passes the winter only in the chrys- 

 alis state. 



These beautiful butterflies are likely to be found in the 

 sort of situations where the food plants of the larvae are 



