THE MEADOW-BROWNS OR SATYRS 225 



from the prevailing low temperatures these caterpillars 

 grow very slowly and apparently a large proportion of 

 them require two years to complete their development. 

 There seems to be some uncertainty in regard to this 

 phase of the insect's life-history, but most entomologists 

 are of the opinion that some of the butterflies mature in 

 one year while others require two years : that is, the broods 

 are both annual and biennial. There is no doubt that 

 the insect hibernates as a caterpillar, and if this statement 

 about the number of broods is correct some of the cater- 

 pillars hibernate when very small, and recently hatched 

 from the egg, while others hibernate when nearly full 

 grown. 



The full-grown caterpillars change to chrysalids beneath 

 the shelter of the small stones in practically the same sorts 

 of situation which they have chosen for hiding at night or 

 for hibernation through the winter. Here without any 

 button of silk or silken loop and with scarcely a suggestion 

 of a silken cocoon they change to chrysalids, generally 

 about the first of June. They remain in this condition 

 for perhaps three or four weeks when they come forth as 

 butterflies. 



The Arctic Satyr 



Oeneis noma jutta 



This is another butterfly of decided interest because of 

 its geographical distribution. It is normally an inhabitant 

 of the Far North, extending around the North Pole over 

 parts of three continents. Apparently, the only place in 

 the United States where it occurs is a bog a little north of 



