GRAPHIPHORA. 45 



the second transverse line there is a dark band, usually tinged 

 with greenish. Beyond this the wings are lighter as far as the 

 sub-marginal line. Near the apex of the wings is a dark spot, 

 beyond which runs the sub-marginal line. The hind-wings are 

 bright yellow, approaching to orange, with a deep velvety black 

 sub-marginal band bordered with yellow, and yellow fringes. 



The larva lives through the winter, and attains its full growth 

 in May. It feeds at the roots of primroses, Atriplex, and 

 potato, the tubers of which it bores into, and on various low 

 plants. It is very greedy and will attack and wound other 

 caterpillars, and drive them away. In spite of its short legs 

 and stout body it can move about very quickly. 



The head is reddish-brown with dark lines, and the body 

 varies from light brown to yellowish grey. On the back is a 

 pale line bordered on each side with darker, and on each seg- 

 ment there are two oblique brown lines. The spiracles are 

 black on the middle segments. The anal plate is pale, and so 

 are the belly and legs. 



The pupa is dark brown, and very convex anteriorly. It is 

 enclosed in a brittle earthen cell. 



GENUS GRAPHIPHORA. 



Graphiphora, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. i(i8i6); Ochsenheimer, 



Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 68 (1816); Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. 



Haust. ii. p. 128 (1829). 

 Nocfua, pt. Linnreus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x) i. p. 50S (1758); 



Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. v. (i), p. 206 (1825) ; Guenee, 



Spec. Gen. L^pid. Noct. i. p. 321 (1852). 



In this genus the antennae are most frequently simple, the 

 abdomen rather longer than the hind-wings, somewhat 

 flattened, and slightly tufted. The fore-wings are usually of 

 a light brown or reddish-brown colour, with very distinct 



