50 LLOYDS NATURAL HISTORY. 



transverse lines with dark borders. The orbicular stigma 

 extends towards the reniform stigma, and the yellow lines 

 encircling them are sometimes connected, but there is usually 

 a central shade passing between them. The claviform stigma 

 is represented by a yellow dash. The sub-marginal line is 

 thick, yellowish, and bordered with brown ; and there is a 

 yellow line at the base of the unicolorous fringes, and a row 

 of small black dots in front of this line. In the female the 

 fore-wings are broader than in the male. The hind-wings are 

 uniform ashy grey or whitish, with an ashy grey shade against 

 the yellowish-white fringes, and a distinct central lunule. 



The larva feeds on lime, beech, elm, poplar, oak, and some 

 fruit-trees. It is green, dotted with yellowish, with a yellowish 

 dorsal line extending to the twelfth segment, and a similar line 

 on each side, which is continued as far as the last pair of 

 pro-legs. On careful examination a third narrower line may be 

 detected between the dorsal and lateral lines, which consists of 

 a row of irregular dots. The head is green, and the front of 

 the next segment is yellowish. On the penultimate segment is 

 a short yellow transverse line, pointed at each end, and with 

 somewhat of a lunulated appearance. The back is set with 

 single fine hairs. The yellowish dots already mentioned are 

 slightly raised above the surface. When disturbed the larva 

 drops to the ground and twists itself violently, making its head 

 and tail meet alternately on each side. 



The pupa is formed in an earthen cell in the ground, Y,'ithout 

 a cocoon. It is shining brown, with two points at the 

 extremity. The moth commences to develop in the pupa 

 before the end of the winter, and a few warm days in spring 

 will cause it to emerge, and the warmth of a room will often 

 bring it out in two or three days. 



