40 DECEPTIVE DEVICES 



Swallow-tail (Jasoniades giaucus), while its neigh- 

 bor the Green-clouded Swallow-tail (Euphoeades 

 troilus) turns the leaf completely over so that the 

 opposite edges touch. But the group which above 

 all others contains caterpillars living in conceal- 

 ment is the Hesperidae, the higher Hesperini mak- 

 ing an oval inclosure by strong strands of silk 

 connecting the edges of leaves at wide intervals, 

 while the Pamphilini construct burrow-like nests 

 by sewing together the edges of neighboring blades 

 of grass ; hardly an instance is known where one 

 of them lives openly. 



Butterfly caterpillars which live exposed have 

 many of them special modes of guarding against 

 danger, some falling to the grovmd and curling up 

 at the slightest shock or alarm, such as many of 

 the Melitaeini in their later stages. Others fail 

 with greater deliberation, first attaching a thread 

 to the leaf from which they drop, such as the 

 Snout butterfly (Hypatus bachmanii) and the 

 Coral Hair-streak (Strymon titus). Others as- 

 sume a sphinx-like attitude which they may retain 

 for a long time, as is the case with the Painted 

 Beauty (Vanessa huntera) in its earlier life, and 

 in this they are sometimes aided by the presence 

 of a special knobbed process on the hunched jior- 



