48 BUTTERFLIES 



tion must here be made, however, to four or five 

 of these ; for instance, the Violaceae, which almost 

 exckisively supply our Argynnini with food ; the 

 Grossulaceae, on which no less than six of our 

 Nymphalinae and especially the Vanessini have 

 been found ; the Cyperaceae, on which several, 

 very likely many, of the Satyrids flourish ; the 

 Aquifoliaceae, on which several of our Lycaeninae, 

 both Theclini and Lycaenini, feed ; and finally 

 the Lauraceae, a favorite food plant of the Papi- 

 lioninae. 



Twelve families of plants have been found to 

 be the food of butterflies of two (and not more 

 than two) families of our butterflies, but in most 

 of these cases they are only known as the food 

 of single species in each family and so assume 

 small importance. Yet among them are others 

 in which the case is different. Thus the Ruta- 

 ceae are known to serve as the food of about as 

 many different species of Papilioninae as the Lau- 

 raceae, and they are said also to be among the 

 food plants of Chrysophanus ; the Betulaceae are 

 a common food of several species of Nymphalinae 

 and nourish also Jasoniades ; while of the utmost 

 importance are the grasses and sedges, upon which 

 nearly all our Satyrinae and Pamphilini live, — 



