BUTTERFLY SOUNDS 91 



grating sand-paper." The same thing has been 

 observed long since by the Kev. Mr. Green in 

 the Enropean Peacock butterfly (Hamadryas io), 

 who accidentally disturbed a colony of hibernating 

 butterflies and heard a faint hissing noise issue 

 from the cavity in which they were concealed, 

 while the wings were slowly depressed and ele- 

 vated ; the noise resembled " that made by blow- 

 ing slowly with moderate force through the closed 

 teeth." The late Mr. Hewitson of England also 

 observed the same thing in Hamadryas io, but 

 compares the sound of the wings when rubbed 

 together to the friction of sand-paper. Mr. A. H. 

 Jones noted the same thing in a hibernating 

 Mourning Cloak (Euvanessa antiopa), which pro- 

 duced a grating sound, and I have myself not 

 only heard this butterfly make the noise while 

 fanning its wings as it rested upon a window sill, 

 but have artificially produced the same sound by 

 rubbing the wings of a dead specimen together. 



Other butterflies, but tropical species, are also 

 stated to produce such sounds. Thus Distant 

 gives the observation of a Captain Godfery as 

 noticing that one of a pair of a species of Thau- 

 mantis (a genus allied to the great blue Morphos 

 of South America), while flying around its mate, 



