PASS THE WINTER 141 



near the roots, beneath the rafters of old build- 

 ings, in corded wood in the forest, and even in 

 some instances probably simply hanging beneath 

 the branches of trees. Thus Landois saw the 

 European Peacock butterfly (Hamadryas io) take 

 up its winter quarters in an ivy, hanging from 

 a branch by its hind legs, folding all its other 

 legs on its breast and closing its wings. During 

 a warm spell in the early spring it disappeared, 

 only, when the weather again changed, to return 

 to the same spot and reassume its former position. 

 Woodmen sometimes, in cleaving open a tree, 

 will discover a little colony of hibernating butter- 

 flies, as has been done in the case of the Monarch 

 (Anosia plexippus) ; and Goossens of Paris, in 

 beating small trees over his open umbrella (a 

 favorite mode of collecting) in the cold days of 

 November, twice brought down the Comma butter- 

 fly (Polygonia c.-album) which fell upon its feet 

 with closed wings. It would seem that they must 

 therefore have chosen the under side of the 

 branches for hibernation. He made some inter- 

 esting observations upon these, bringing them home 

 and placing one in an unwarmed apartment, the 

 other in the open air on the northeast side of a 

 window. They did not stir until February, when 



