224 SEXUAL DIVERSITY 



sustain liis view, are drawn from specimens of 

 the South American genus Epicalia, found in the 

 rich cabinet of Mr. Bates. The facts, as stated 

 by him, are these : There are twelve species of 

 the genus discussed by him ; of these, nine have 

 gaudy males and plain females ; one has plain 

 male and plain female ; and two have gaudy 

 males and gaudy females. The plain females, he 

 adds, '' resemble each other in their general type 

 of coloration, and likewise resemble both sexes in 

 several allied genera, found in various parts of the 

 world." To examine this case fairly would need 

 a large collection of exotic butterflies. If we con- 

 fine ourselves to Epicalia, we evidently cannot 

 say whether the gaudy or the plain coloring be 

 normal ; there would be less variation from the 

 standard on the supposition that the gaudy were 

 the normal type, and in this case it is the female 

 which has departed from the type ; but the differ- 

 ence is not enough to form an objection. It is 

 only when we look at the allies of E^^icalia that 

 judgment seems to lean toward Darwin's side ; 

 but, from the unfortunate want of material, I can- 

 not fairly discuss this point. 



Take, however, another case, which appears to 

 be equally complicated, — our native coppers 



