3S5 INSECT MISCELLANIES. 



made nearly two centuries ago, has made the basis! 

 of his system, 



Swmnmerdam^s Classification, 



I. Transformations immediate,the insects beinghatched 

 perfectly formed — fleas, spiders, &c. 



II. Transformations taking place under a covering * — ■ 

 locusts, crickets, bugs, dragon-flies, May-flies, &c. 



III. Transformations with a pupa-case intermediate * — 

 beetles, bees, wasps, saw-flies, gnats, &c. 

 Transformations in the pupa state obtected — moths 

 and butterflies. 



IV. Transformations in the pupa state — coarctate, 

 ichneumons, flies, &c. 



Ray and Willughhy^s Classification , 

 I. Insects undergoing no Transformations 



( ^Aju,eTaf.i6p(J)(iJTa^, 



1. Without feet ('a^o§«):— • 



a, Land Insects, including worms, &c. (Ter-" 



restria). 

 by Water Insects, including Leeches, &c. (Aqua- 

 ticaj. 



2. With feet (Pedata) :— 



a. With six feet (Hexapoda). 

 Land Insects (Terrestria), 



Larger, including lignivorous larvsp (Majora)^ 

 Less, including lice and springtails (Minora). 

 Water Insects, including the river shrimp 

 (Aquatica). 



b. With eight feet (Octopoda). 

 With tails— scorpions (Caudata). 

 Without tails — spiders, mites (Non caudata). 



c. With fourteen feet — woodlice {Ti.7(rcioi;;ccith^ 



* In explaining Swammerdam's system, Kirby and Spence use 

 the terms of "complete" and " incomplete/' which are not in 

 the original. 



