162 t.LOVDS NATURAL HISTORY. 



Edino. Encycl. ix. p. 133 (1815); Moore, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 44. 

 CEonisfis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 165 (1822 ?). 



The British species of this genus is the largest of the 

 Family. The sexes differ considerably in colour and appear- 

 ance, and were formerly regarded as distinct species. The 

 fore-wings are more arched than in Lithosia^ and the sub-costal 

 nervure throws off a branch to the costa, which is not the case 

 in Lithosia. The single species is not very uncommon in 

 England, and its larva is a lichen-feeder. 



THE FOUR-SPOTTED FOOTMAN. CEONISTIS QUADRA. 



Nodua quadra^ Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. x.) i. p. 511, no. 84 

 (1758), i. (2) p. 840, no. 114 (1767); Esper, Schmett. iv. 

 p. 92, Taf. 92, figs. 2-6 (1786). 

 Noctiia flava, Miiller, Faun. Fridr. p. 46 (1764). 

 $ Nodua deplana^ Linnaeus, Mant. Plant, p. 539 (17 71). 

 Boinhyx quadra^ Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. iii. figs. loi, 102 



(1800). 

 Lithosia quadra, Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iii. p. 126 



(1810); Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. ii. p. 97 (1829); 



Godart, I^epid. France, v. p. 13, pi. 41, figs. 2-4 (1837). 

 CEonistis quadra^ Kirby, Eur. Butterflies & Moths, p. 99, pi. 



22, figs. 9, a-c (1879) ; Buckler, Larvae of Brit. Lepid. 



iii. p. 29, pi. 42, fig. I (1889); Barrett, Lepid. Brit. 



Isl. ii. p. 232, pi. 68, figs. 3, 3^7, b (1894). 



The Four-Spotted Footman is found locally throughout 

 Europe, and Northern and Western Asia. The female ex- 

 pands about two inches, and the male a little less. 



The antennae are dark brown, and the head and body ochre- 

 yellow. The fore-wings are yellowish-grey in the male, deep 

 yellow at the base, with the hind margin bluish-grey, and the 



