SCHIZONEURA LANIGEEA. 93 



sliort. Haiisman and Knapp never met with tliis 

 alate form, and even doubted the existence of such. 

 Nevertheless, M. Lichtenstein stated that in Sep- 

 tember they were at that time almost swarming 

 in the orchards of the South of France. During 

 their passage through the post many young were 

 born, and many of these under a deep lens proved 

 to be the non-rostrated oviparous females. Buccal 

 processes represented the rostrum in these very 

 minute insects, and the degradation was also shown 

 in their half-developed antennge and tarsi. In ac- 

 cordance with what we might expect, a rudiment 

 of the single egg in these young examples was alone 

 traceable. The colour of the oviparous female is 

 yellow tinged with red. The size is not more than 

 0'003x0002 of an inch. The eyes are very small. 



In the same quill, and mixed in about equal propor- 

 tion, I found also young Aphides of a brown or blackish 

 tint. They were larger than the above, and were fully 

 developed with reference to their mouth-organs, the 

 rostra in some cases trailing beyond the tail end. 

 These insects can scarcely be looked on as the males, 

 for both Lichtenstein and Riley state that both the 

 sexes are non-rostrated, and incapable of taking in 

 nourishment. The untraced but possible presence in 

 the quill of a viviparous female doubtless would explain 

 the occurrence of these rostrated forms. 



I am not able to speak from personal observation as 

 to the fact stated by Goureau and others, that the 

 European ScMzoneura lanigera descends into the soil 

 and attacks the apple roots in winter time. There 

 seems to be no good reason, however, to doubt that it 

 does so occasionally. Certain it is, that the apterous 

 larvae will bear with impunity great cold whilst 

 covered with their cottony tufts. I have taken them 

 winged in December, with snow on the ground and 

 the thermometer marking 21° Fahr. They were then 

 lively and I could trace no presence of the perfect 

 sexes, so that in all probability they would in this 



