94 BPJTISH APHIDES. 



instance have hibernated on the branches and trunk. 

 Dr. Cyrus Thomas, of lUinois, states that the apple 

 Schizoneura of America certainly attacks the root and 

 raises knots and spongy excrescences on its fibres. 

 With us the apple tree is often attacked close to the 

 ground on what has been called the collar of the stem, 

 but this is not quite the same as feeding on the root. 



Numerous receipts has been given for the destruc- 

 tion of this pest, but they all seem inefficient in the 

 cases where orchards extend over many acres. In the 

 garden much may be done by encouraging their natu- 

 ral enemies, Coccinella, Syrphiis, Hemerohius, and even 

 by intentionally introducing insects already infested by 

 Hymenopterous parasites. As purgative washes may 

 be mentioned, solution of calcium sulphide, soap suds, 

 solution of wood-ashes, coarse petroleum, kreosote, 

 and tobacco-water made by infusing one pound of the 

 leaf in four gallons of hot water. A single heavy 

 thunder-shower will do far more execution, however, 

 than the best efforts of the orchard keeper. 



Schizoneura fodiens, BucMon. PI. CYI, figs. 6 — 12. 

 Apterous viviparous female. 



Inch. Millimetres. 



Size of body 0-055 X 0-035 1-39x0-88. 



Length of antennae O'OIS 0*38. 



Globose, shining. Body uniformly of a ferruginous 

 yellow ; slightly mealy. Head rather darker, rich 

 brown. Thorax and abdominal rings obscurely marked 

 laterally by small dark depressions. Antennae slaty 

 brown, about three quarters the length of the body. 

 The joints finely ringed or cupped as in Sell, lanigera. 

 This character, however, is best shown in the alate 

 insect. Eyes none or very rudimentary. Cornicles 



