SOHIZONEUEA LANUGINOSA. 105 



nut to masses as large as a green fig, or even larger. 

 TLej are corrugated longitudinally, and of a green or 

 brownish-green colour. These curious masses are 

 formed by the Queen Aphis — the produce of the egg. 

 She makes her punctures near the mid-rib of the leaf, 

 and there these distorted masses occur either single, 

 double, or else grouped in bunches. On account of 

 their size and hairy character they may be easily dis- 

 tinguished from the smoother galls made by Tetra- 

 neura uhni. The two galls may, however, be found 

 simultaneously on the same tree. 



They attain their full size in August, at which time 

 they contain thousands of plant-lice, both apterous and 

 winged. A small opening is formed usually at the 

 summit of these galls, from which the winged mothers 

 make their escape as soon as they feel the imperative 

 calls for migration. 



In 186G, Mr. R. McLachlan, travelhng in the South 

 of France, gathered a number of such galls, which were 

 in extreme profusion; trees twenty feet high being one 

 mass of galls. He remarks, " I collected some small 

 branches, intending to bring them home, but they 

 made such a mess from the liquid in the galls that I 

 was forced to throw them away."* 



I have received living insects from M. Lichtenstein, 

 at MontpelHer, which in all respects seem to be identi- 

 cal with the British species. 



I have also been kindly furnished with similar galls 

 by Mr. Brady, from Rainham in Essex. The bodies of 

 the pup^e were full of embryos, which shows that the 

 change of form and moulting does not interfere with 

 the process of internal budding, since the young would 

 not be born until the parents had passed'into imagos. 

 The largest galls I have seen w^ere gathered by Mr. 

 Thomas Brown from Elms near Cambridge, in the 

 year 1871. I obtained these through the late inde- 

 fatigable naturahst, Mr. Edward Newman. The largest 

 of these measured 3-0 X 2*5 inches (=:73x66 milli- 

 * Vide ' Ent. Montli. Mag./ vol. iii, p. 167. 



