OF NORTH AMERICA. 193 



rapidly toward the costa, on approaching which it is deflected sharply 

 towards the base of the wing. Inside the discal dot is a second band, 

 less prominent than the first, consisting of cloudy spots, originating 

 near the outer band on the inner margin, going direct to the median 

 vein between the 3rd and 4th nervules, where it bends inward towards 

 the costa. There is likewise an indistinct basal band consisting of four 

 or five cloudy spots, most conspicuous near the costa. It is only in ex- 

 ceptional cases that all these markings are present. The basal band is 

 most subject to obliteration, then the median band, and least frequently 

 the outer band, while the discal dot is almost always distinct, but the 

 wings are sometimes immaculate. 



Secondaries smoky black, with the fringes and a very narrow outer 

 margin concolorous with primaries. Discal dot deep black. From 

 this type the wings vary to a tint uniform with the primaries, the discal 

 dot being, however, almost always present. The least persistent black 

 shades are the interspaces of the median nervules. The last to disap- 

 pear are the interspaces between the principal veins at the base of the 

 wing and an irregular submarginal band. The loss of color on the 

 secondaries appears to have no connection with the obsolescence of the 

 spots on the primaries, as insects with all the markings present on the 

 primaries sometimes have pale secondaries, and vice versa. 



Beneath, the primaries are concolorous with upper surface, the two 

 discal dots blending into one larger and more conspicuous spot, with 

 traces on the costa of the two principal bands. Secondaries either 

 black as described in the type or concolorous with primaries above, 

 and the discal spot conspicuous. There does not appear to be the 

 same gradual obsolescence of the black beneath as above, the second- 

 aries being either all black or all pale, though no rule seems to gov- 

 ern the color, as specimens black above are sometimes pale and some- 

 times black beneath, but specimens pale above are never black beneath. 



$ . — Smaller than $ , more finely scaled, thorax smooth, abdomen 

 very finely scaled. Head, thorax, abdomen, palpi and legs concolorous 

 with primaries, the thorax beneath being usually a shade paler than 

 above. 



Primaries varying from a clear brick red to reddish brown, never 

 pale stone color, usually darkest along the costa. The discal dot is 

 usually present, or indicated by a darker shade, and there are some- 

 times, but not often, traces of the outer band. 



Secondaries smoky black, with fringes and narrow outer margin con- 

 colorous with primaries ; never pale. 



