SCALE INSECTS ('' COCCID^ ") OF AUSTRALIA. 37 



Lecanium nigrum, Nietner. (Fig. 20). 

 Enemies of the. Coffee, p. 9. 1861. 



Douglas, En'. Monhli/ Maga-in , vol. xxvii, p. 95. 1891. 

 Green, Indian Museum Notes, 1889 and 1896; Coccidce Ceijlon, 1896. 

 Maskell, The Entomolocfist, vol. xxvii, p. 166. 1894. 



This is a tropical species found originally upon coffee, but since recorded 

 upon many other Indian plants and shrubs, and introduced into New Zealand 

 and Australia. Maskell considers that Lecanium depressum and L. hegonice 

 are identical with this species, and Green follows him, but Mrs. Fernald 

 gives all three specific rank. 



It is common in Australia upon our Pittosporum hedges, the dark black 

 oval females covering the leaves. 



Adult female elongate oval, very convex, smooth shining, reddish-brown 

 to black in colour. Length, 4 mm. 



Treated with oil of cloves, it assumes a rich reddish-brown tint, with the 

 outer irregular flanged basal margin bright yellow; above tbis margin is 

 a dark brown band, with the whole of the dorsal surface tessellated with 

 distinct irregular-rounded or six-sided spots, giving them a very distinctive 

 character. 



996. Saissetia nigra. Cat. Coccidfe, p. 204. 



Lecanium ol'ece, Bernard (Fig. 21). 

 Chermes olece, Mem. d'Hist. Nat. Acad. Marseilles, p. 108. 1782. 

 Walker, Brit. Mus. Catalogue, Homoptera, p. 1070. 1852. 

 Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. iii, p. 440. 1902. 

 Newstead, Mon. Brit. Coccidce, vol. ii, p. 126. 1902. 



This is the common " Olive Scale " of Europe, which was probably intro- 

 duced into Australia at a very earl)^ Hate. It is cosmopolitan in its range, 

 and found on many different food-plants. In our orchards it is popularly 

 known as the " Brown Bug." 



In the orchard it is chiefly a pest of the citrus trees, spreading over the 

 twigs and foliage, and in badly infested trees, sometimes found upon the 

 stalk and base of the fruit. The adult females discharge a large amount of 

 honey-dew, which, coating the leaves and twigs with a varnish of sugary 

 matter, is again infested with smut or fumagine which blackens and dis- 

 figures the whole of the foliage, and can only be removed by sprajnng. 



Adult female almost hemispherical, very convex, or irregularly rounded; 

 dull reddish-brown to almost black; the outer margins irregular, the dorsal 

 surface keeled in typical si^ecimens with two short transverse ridges and a 

 central ridge. Often covered with a slight waxy secretion broken up into 

 white dots. Length, 4 mm. 



At the final stage of development she is a thickened leathery sac, shrunken 

 beneath, with the cavity full of eggs or larvae. 



Puparium of male rare, but of the typical lecanid form, " studded with 

 irregular waxy plates." (Green). 



998. Saissetia olece. Cat. Coccidse. p. 205. 



