Defartaent of Agriculture. 



NEW SOUTH WALES. 



SCIENCE BULLETIN, No. 18. 



A Descriptive Catalogue of the Scale 

 Insects C'Coccidae") of Australia. 



PART II. 



SUB-FAMILY V .—Lecaniinoe. 



The scale insects included in this division are distinguished from the mem- 

 bers of the last sub-family in the females having the posterior extremity of 

 ("ihe abdomen cleft. " The anal orifice closed above by an operculmn, con- 

 ilsting typically of a pair of triangular hinged plates (the anal plates or anal 

 scales), forming a valve " (Green). The adult female in the typical group 

 [Lecanium) is naked, and furnished with legs and antennae; in others it is 

 covered with waxy, glassy, horny, cottony or felted secretions, and the legs 

 may be rudimentary or wanting. The Lecanid larvse are active little crea- 

 tures, with well developed legs and antennae, showing the anal cleft of the 

 abdomen and a stout seta on either side. 



Though attaching themselves to the bark or leaf surface of their food- 

 plant, both the larvse and the females, in the early stages of development in 

 some of the groups, can move from place to place, and frequently do so 

 when their food-plant has been gathered and begins to dry. The adult 

 female coccid, naked or covered, deposits her eggs in masses between herself 

 and the bark upon which she is feeding, the contraction of the abdominal 

 segments forming a regular cavity in which the eggs and freshly hatched 

 larvse are protected until the latter emerge from beneath the diied-up re- 

 mains of the female. The male larvse, as they develop in many of the 

 genera, construct glassy angulated or ribbed coverings within which they 

 pupate. In some groups male puparia are very rare, in others they are 

 unknown. 



This sub-family is well represented in Australia by many fine native 

 species peculiar to the country, and most of the cosmopolitan genera, such 

 as the brown olive scale and the Indian wax scales have been accidentally 

 introduced with their food-plants, and are now well established in our 

 orchards and gardens. 



The following -genera are rei^resented in Australia : — XIII Ceronema, 

 XIV Pnlviimria, XV Tectopulvinaria, XVI Lichtensia, XVII Signoretia, 

 XVIII Ceroflastes, XIX Ctenochiton, XX Inglisia, XXI Cewplasiodes, 

 XXII Lecanium, XXIII Cryptes, XXIV Alcerda, XXV Lecanopsis. 



