38 Orthorrhapha brachycera. 



in diameter. It is somewhat narrowed towards each end; the last 

 segment is somewhat flattened, rounded at the apex. The body con- 

 sists of twelve segments, including the head, but at the base of the 

 last segment there is a short and indistinct, somewhat segment-like 

 swelling, if this be counted for a segment w^e thus get thirteen seg- 

 ments. The head is very small and retracted into prothorax; it has 

 a few long hairs; prothorax beset with small, spine-like warts at the 

 front margin ; the three thoracic segments have each a long thin bristle 

 on each side somewhat ventrally; the last segment has eight bristles, 

 four on the margin and four dorsai, the two near the apex, the two 

 others more inwards. There is a low and not very distinct transverse 

 swelling at the ventral front margin of each abdominal segment; they 

 disappear on the last three segments. The larva is amphipneustic 

 with a pair of prothoracic spiracles at the hind margin of prothorax, 

 and a pair of posterior spiracles on the swelling mentioned at the 

 front part of the last segment; the spiracles are very small and not 

 easy to detect. The pupa is somewhat short and thick, yellowish 

 white, but brownish when it is mature; it has a length of about 

 9 mm. The antennal sheaths lie to each side across the lower part 

 of the eye, they have a strong, downwards curved spine at the base, 

 and more apically three somewhat closely placed spines, directed 

 downwards. At the base of the leg-sheaths there is a tubercle with 

 two hook-formed, long and thin spines, directed downwards and back- 

 wards, and at the base of the wing-sheath there is a low tubercle 

 with a small spine. On the under side of the head at the lower 

 margin of the eye there is a small triangular process on each side of 

 the mouth parts; this is a sheath enclosing the hairs which are found 

 here in the imago, The sheaths of all the mouth parts, labrum, 

 labium, hypopharynx and maxillæ with their palpi are distinctly seen. 

 On each abdominal segment there is dorsally a girdle of long, erect 

 bristles, alternating regularly with short spines, but on the first seg- 

 ment there is no alternation, the girdle here consisting of long spines 

 recurved at the apex. Ventrally each segment has a girdle of long, 

 backwards directed hairs, but the girdles are interrupted in the middle 

 and near the lateral margins, so that each girdle is divided into four 

 parts, two ventral and two lateral, each part consisting of about three 

 hairs. The last segment has four spines at the apex, an upper pair 

 of longer and a lower pair of shorter spines, the upper spines are 

 somewhat feathery; between the upper and lower spine on the same 

 side there is a vertical row of about three very small spines. There 

 is a pair of prothoracic and seven pairs of abdominal spiracles, all 

 small; the prothoracic spiracles are situated in front, near the eye, 



