46 Orthonhapha brachycera. 



The head has a shield-shaped, brown, chitinised plate above, and a 

 small plate belovv; it is beset with several bristles above and below. 

 The mouth parts consist of a short, hook-formed labrum; on each 

 side of this is a small, very compressed, knife-shaped mandible, and 

 externally to the latter a large and broad maxilla which is excised in 

 the outer margin and has a two-jointed palpus. Brauer (Denkschr. d. 

 Kais. Akad. d. Wiss. math. nat. Cl. XLVII, Taf. IV, 1883) on fig. 61 has 

 indicated the maxilla with O?, which means Oberkiefer?, he has not 

 seen the mandible which also is quite hidden and only seen by pre- 

 paration; his text (p. 28) is also influenced by this mistake. The 

 front margin of the three thoracic segments is finely chagrined; these 

 segments have a bristle at each side on the ventral surface. The six 

 first abdominal segments have each a girdle of six warts all round 

 the segment, a pair at each side on the ventral surface and one at 

 each side on the dorsal surface. The sixth and seventh abdominal 

 segments are the longest. The blunt apex of the last segment points 

 somewhat upwards and has a weakly chitinised plate with three small 

 spines, two above and one larger below ; besides the segment has 

 eight long hairs. On the oblique lower side is the anus as a small 

 split. The larva is amphipneustic with a pair of small spiracles at 

 the hind margin of the prothoracic segment and of the mentioned 

 penultimate segment-like part. The length is about 24 mm. with a 

 diameter of about 3 mm. The pupa is brownish yellow; the antennal 

 sheaths lie in front of the head, directed downwards and somewhat 

 diverging, lying across the lower part of the eye; they have a strong 

 spine at the base, and lovver down a compressed tubercle produced 

 in fotn- spines, There is a small spine at the lower margin of the 

 eye and more inwards a small, two-pointed spine; there is a com- 

 pressed tubercle with three small spines at the base of the leg-sheaths 

 and a small tubercle at the base of the wing-sheaths. On the dorsal 

 side of each of the first seven abdominal segments there is a girdle 

 of short spines, replaced by hairs laterally; on the seventh segment 

 the spines get long and recurved; the eighth segment has four short 

 spines dorsally. On the ventral side the segments have girdles of 

 hairs which are longest tovards the end of the body. The first four 

 segments have two long and one short hair at each lateral margin, 

 the fifth, sixth and seventh segment have three long hairs The last 

 segment terminates in four spines, placed in a quadrate. There is a 

 pair of thoracic spiracles at the front margin of the thorax behind 

 the eye.s, and seven pairs of abdominal spiracles. The sheaths of 

 the legs reach a little beyond the front margin of the tliird segment. 

 The length of the pupa is 16 mm. 



